The alpaca is a slightly smaller and cuter cousin of the llama in the altiplano region of Peru, Bolivia and Chile. The altiplano is a high plateau in the Andes Mountains with an average elevation of 12,000 ft. At such extreme altitudes, the climate is harsh. Temperatures may range from hot to below freezing every day. The tropical sun’s rays arrive unfiltered by the thin air. Rains can be frequent and heavy during the rainy season and strong winds blow unchecked on the treeless plain. In such an inhospitable climate, the alpaca thrives due to its wonderful coat of soft, insulating fleece. This marvelous fleece is used to make a diverse range of textiles and garments. Once reserved for Incan royalty, alpaca textiles have played a central role in the cultures of these areas for at least five thousand years. Today, alpaca and their fleece continue as important resources for sustainable environmental and economic development that also maintain traditional cultural values and ancient textile techniques.
The alpaca fiber itself has many excellent characteristics. Visually, the alpaca fiber is unsurpassed for its range of rich, natural colors. From creamy white to lustrous black, with many grays and browns in between, there are at least twenty-five different natural shades. In addition, the fiber takes dye readily for an unlimited palette of beautiful colors. To the touch, alpaca is soft and silky, with a rich handle and sensual drape. Unlike wool, alpaca fleece contains no lanolin, and requires no chemical scouring agents for processing. This, combined with its natural hypo-allergenic properties and softness, makes alpaca garments comfortable, even for sensitive skin. The alpaca fiber is hollow, which proves greater insulation and a wider comfort range with less weight. Compared to wool and cashmere, an alpaca garment is lighter, more breathable and far warmer. Precipitation does not readily penetrate an alpaca garment, allowing the wearer to remain warm and dry. This property also aids in wicking moisture away from the skin for better comfort and warmth. Alpaca fiber is also extremely strong and durable. Numerous alpaca textiles over two thousand years old have been found in excellent condition with their original colors intact! Alpaca garments can be worn for years and still retain their original beauty.
Alpaca fiber is naturally clean and odor free. Additionally, alpaca garments and textiles are extremely resilient, won’t mat or pill, and are stain resistant. Care is simple. Occasional hand washing with mild shampoo will guarantee years of enjoyment.
Textiles continue to be an important and unique aspect of Andean culture. The skilled workmanship apparent in alpaca textiles is a result of centuries of knowledge and experience passed down through generations. Nonetheless, economic necessities and global influences threaten this tradition. Reinforcing the economic rewards of textile production through the support and use of alpaca products will help maintain these valuable and irreplaceable techniques and traditions.
